ZIM file format

The ZIM file format is based on the Zeno File Format. It starts with a header, which is described here:

Header

A ZIM file starts with a header. This starts always at offset 0.

Length in byte, all types are littlendian

Field Name	Type	Offset	Length	Description
magicNumber	integer	0	4	Magic number to recognise the file format, must be 72173914
version	integer	4	4	ZIM=5, version of the file format
uuid	integer	8	16	unique id of this zim file
articleCount	integer	24	4	total number of articles
clusterCount	integer	28	4	total number of clusters
urlPtrPos	integer	32	8	position of the directory pointerlist orderes by URL
titlePtrPos	integer	40	8	position of the directory pointerlist ordered by Title
clusterPtrPos	integer	48	8	position of the cluster pointer list
mimeListPos	integer	56	8	position of the MIME type list
mainPage	integer	64	4	main page or 0xffffffff if no main page
layoutPage	integer	68	4	layout page or 0xffffffffff if no layout page

Each article in the ZIM file has a directory entry. Since the directory entry has a variable size we have an index pointerlist which is a list of 4-byte offsets. The pointers points to the directory entries.

URL pointer list (urlPtrPos)

The URL pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets to the directory entries.

The directory entries are always ordered by URL. Ordering is simply done by comparing the URL strings.

Since directory entries have variable sizes this is needed for random access.

Field Name	Type	Offset	Length	Description
<1st URL>	integer	0	8	Pointer to the directory entry of <1st URL>
<2nd URL>	integer	8	8	Pointer to the directory entry of <2nd URL>
<nth URL>	integer	(n-1)*8	8	Pointer to the directory entry of <nth URL>
...	integer	...	8	...

Zimlib caches directory entries and references the cached entries via the URL pointers.

Title Pointer List (titlePtrPos)

The title pointer list is a list of article indeces ordered by title. The title pointer list actually points to entries in the URL pointer list. Note that the title pointers are only 4 bytes. They are not offsets in the file but article numbers. To get the offset of an article from the title pointer list, you have to look it up in the URL pointer list.

Field Name	Type	Offset	Length	Description
<1st Title>	integer	0	4	Pointer to the URL pointer of <1st Title>
<2nd Title>	integer	4	4	Pointer to the URL pointer of <2nd Title>
<nth Title>	integer	(n-1)*4	4	Pointer to the URL pointer of <nth Title>
...	integer	...	4	...

As directoy entries are cached and accessed via URL this indirection from titles via URLs to directory indeces makes sure that the cache is always used.

Cluster pointer list (clusterPtrPos)

The cluster pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets which point to the data clusters.

Mime list pointer (mimeListPos)

The mime list pointer if a file offset to a list of mime types. The mime types are zero terminated strings. A empty string marks the end of the mime type list.

Directory entries

length in byte, all data is little endian. There are 2 types of directory entries: article entries and redirect entries. If the first two bytes are 0xffff the directory entrie is a redirect.

article entry

Field Name	Type	Offset	Length	Description
mime	integer	0	2	mime type number - points to the mime type list
parameter len		2	1	length of extra paramters (which are currently unused an hence this is always 0)
namespace	char	3	1
version	integer	4	4
cluster number	integer	8	4
blob number	integer	12	4
url	string	16	zero terminated	string with the url
title	string		zero terminated	string with title or empty; in case it is empty, the url is used as title
parameter	data		see extra len	extra parameters

redirect entry

Field Name	Type	Offset	Length	Description
mime	integer	0	2	0xffff for redirect
parameter len		2	1	length of extra paramters (which are currently unused an hence this is always 0)
namespace	char	3	1
version	integer	4	4
redirect index	integer	8	4
url	string	12	zero terminated	string with the url
title	string		zero terminated	string with title or empty; in case it is empty, the url is used as title
parameter	data		see extra len	extra parameters

Clusters

The clusters contain the actual article data. This file section contain a list of clusters, which contain a list of blobs each. The blob is the data of one specific article. So this blob is adressed by the cluster number and the blob number in this cluster. The cluster number is used to look up the file offset in the cluster pointer list.

The cluster has a starting byte, which indicated, which compresion is used. After this byte, all other data is compressed. Possible values are:

• 0 default (no compression)
• 1 none also no compression (inherited from zeno)
• 2 zlib
• 3 bzip2
• 4 lzma2 (default compression format)

Support for zlib and bzip2 is deprecated. By default it is not compiled into the library any more. Only lzma2 is used. The zimlib uses xz-utils as a C++ implementation of lzma2, for Java see LZMA2-java.

The data area has a list of 4 byte offsets to the blobs counting from the first offset. The offset addresses uncompressed data. The last pointer points to the end of the data area. So there is always one more offset than blobs. Since the first offset points to the start of the first data, the number of offsets can be determined by dividing this offset by 4. The size of one blob is calculated by the difference of two consecutive offsets.

Namespaces

Namespaces seperate different types of data stored in the ZIM File Format.

They can be distinguished by prepending the article namespace before the article name in the URL path, eg. http://localhost/A/Articlename.

Namespace	Description
-	layout, eg. the LayoutPage, CSS, JavaScript and images not related to the articles
A	articles - see Article Format
B	article meta data - see Article Format
I	images, files - see Image Handling
J	images, text - see Image Handling
M	ZIM metadata - see Metadata
U	categories, text - see Category Handling
V	categories, article list - see Category Handling
W	categories per article, category list - see Category Handling
X	fulltext index - see ZIM Index Format

URLs

ZIM contents are addressed using URLs: /<namespace>/<article_url>.

The references in Article Text (<a href=""></a>, <img src=""> etc.) are URL-encoded (RFC 1738).

The URLs in the UrlPointerlist are not encoded. Some readers process the requests that already do the decoding internally whereas most readers will handle the URLs directly. In this case you have to do the decoding before you pass the parameter to zimlib, but zimlib already provides a method to do so.