Difference between revisions of "ZIM file format"

From openZIM
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 3: Line 3:


== Header ==
== Header ==
 
A ZIM file starts with a header. This is offset 0.
A ZIM file starts with a header. This starts always at offset 0.


Length in byte, all types are littlendian.
Length in byte, all types are littlendian.
Line 33: Line 32:
| layoutPage            || integer ||  68 ||    4 || layout page or 0xffffffffff if no layout page
| layoutPage            || integer ||  68 ||    4 || layout page or 0xffffffffff if no layout page
|}
|}
Each article in the ZIM file has a directory entry. Since the directory entry has a variable size we have an index pointerlist which is a list of 4-byte offsets. The pointers points to the directory entries.


== MIME Type List (mimeListPos) ==
== MIME Type List (mimeListPos) ==
Line 95: Line 92:
* accessing directory entries by title also makes use of cached directory entries which are referenced by the URL pointers, as implemented in zimlib.
* accessing directory entries by title also makes use of cached directory entries which are referenced by the URL pointers, as implemented in zimlib.


== Directory entries ==
== Directory Entries ==
Directory entries hold the meta information about all articles, images and other objects in a ZIM file.
Directory entries hold the meta information about all articles, images and other objects in a ZIM file.


There are 2 types of directory entries: article entries and redirect entries. If the first two bytes are 0xffff the
There are two types of directory entries: article entries and redirect entries. If the first two bytes are 0xffff the directory entry is a redirect.
directory entrie is a redirect.


=== article entry ===
=== Article Entry ===
{|{{Prettytable}}
{|{{Prettytable}}
! Field Name !! Type !! Offset !! Length !! Description
! Field Name             !! Type   !!Offset!!Length!! Description
|-
|-
| mime || integer || 0 || 2 || mime type number - points to the mime type list
| mimetype              || integer ||   0 ||   2 || MIME type number as defined in the MIME type list
|-
|-
| parameter len || || 2 || 1 || length of extra paramters (which are currently unused an hence this is always 0)
| parameter len         || byte    ||   2 ||   1 || (not used) length of extra paramters
|-
|-
| namespace || char || 3 || 1 ||
| namespace             || char   ||   3 ||   1 || defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs
|-
|-
| version || integer || 4 || 4 ||
| revision              || integer ||   4 ||   4 || (optional) identifies a revision of the contents of this directory entry, needed to identify updates or revisions in the original history
|-
|-
| cluster number || integer || 8 || 4 ||
| cluster number         || integer ||   8 ||   4 || cluster number in which the data of this directory entry is stored
|-
|-
| blob number || integer || 12 || 4 ||
| blob number           || integer ||   12 ||   4 || blob number inside the compressed cluster where the contents are stored
|-
|-
| url || string || 16 || zero terminated || string with the url
| url                   || string ||   16 ||zero terminated|| string with the URL as refered in the URL pointer list
|-
|-
| title || string || || zero terminated || string with title or empty; in case it is empty, the url is used as title
| title                 || string || n/a ||zero terminated|| string with an title as refered in the Title pointer list or empty; in case it is empty, the URL is used as title
|-
| parameter || data || || see extra len || extra parameters
|-
|-
| parameter              || data    ||      ||see parameter len|| (not used) extra parameters
|}
|}


=== redirect entry ===
=== Redirect Entry ===
 
{|{{Prettytable}}
{|{{Prettytable}}
! Field Name !! Type !! Offset !! Length !! Description
! Field Name             !! Type   !!Offset!!Length!! Description
|-
| mime || integer || 0 || 2 || 0xffff for redirect
|-
|-
| parameter len || || 2 || 1 || length of extra paramters (which are currently unused an hence this is always 0)
| mimetype              || integer ||   0 ||   2 || 0xffff for redirect
|-
|-
| namespace || char || 3 || 1 ||
| parameter len          || byte    ||   2 ||   1 || (not used) length of extra paramters
|-
|-
| version || integer || 4 || 4 ||
| namespace              || char    ||   3 ||   1 || defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs
|-
|-
| redirect index || integer || 8 || 4 ||
| revision              || integer ||   4 ||   4 || (optional) identifies a revision of the contents of this directory entry, needed to identify updates or revisions in the original history
|-
|-
| url || string || 12 || zero terminated || string with the url
| redirect index        || integer ||   8 ||   4 || pointer to the directory entry of the redirect target
|-
|-
| title || string || || zero terminated || string with title or empty; in case it is empty, the url is used as title
| url                    || string ||   16 ||zero terminated|| string with the URL as refered in the URL pointer list
|-
|-
| parameter || data || || see extra len || extra parameters
| title                  || string  || n/a ||zero terminated|| string with an title as refered in the Title pointer list or empty; in case it is empty, the URL is used as title
|-
|-
| parameter              || data    ||      ||see parameter len|| (not used) extra parameters
|}
|}



Revision as of 10:05, 17 October 2010

Schema File Format.png

The ZIM file format is based on the Zeno File Format. It starts with a header, which is described here:

Header

A ZIM file starts with a header. This is offset 0.

Length in byte, all types are littlendian.

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
magicNumber integer 0 4 Magic number to recognise the file format, must be 72173914
version integer 4 4 ZIM=5, bytes 1-2: major, bytes 3-4: minor version of the ZIM file format
uuid integer 8 16 unique id of this zim file
articleCount integer 24 4 total number of articles
clusterCount integer 28 4 total number of clusters
urlPtrPos integer 32 8 position of the directory pointerlist orderes by URL
titlePtrPos integer 40 8 position of the directory pointerlist ordered by Title
clusterPtrPos integer 48 8 position of the cluster pointer list
mimeListPos integer 56 8 position of the MIME type list (also header size)
mainPage integer 64 4 main page or 0xffffffff if no main page
layoutPage integer 68 4 layout page or 0xffffffffff if no layout page

MIME Type List (mimeListPos)

The MIME type list always follows directly after the header, so the mimeListPos also defines the end and size of the ZIM file header.

The MIME types in this list are zero terminated strings. An empty string marks the end of the MIME type list.

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
<1st MIME Type> string 0 n/a declaration of the <1st MIME Type> - zero terminated
<2nd MIME Type> string n/a n/a declaration of the <2nd MIME Type> - zero terminated
... string ... ... ...
<last entry / end> string n/a 0 empty string - zero terminated

URL Pointer List (urlPtrPos)

The URL pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets to the directory entries.

The directory entries are always ordered by URL. Ordering is simply done by comparing the URL strings.

Since directory entries have variable sizes this is needed for random access.

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
<1st URL> integer 0 8 pointer to the directory entry of <1st URL>
<2nd URL> integer 8 8 pointer to the directory entry of <2nd URL>
<nth URL> integer (n-1)*8 8 pointer to the directory entry of <nth URL>
... integer ... 8 ...

Zimlib caches directory entries and references the cached entries via the URL pointers.

Title Pointer List (titlePtrPos)

The title pointer list is a list of article indeces ordered by title. The title pointer list actually points to entries in the URL pointer list. Note that the title pointers are only 4 bytes. They are not offsets in the file but article numbers. To get the offset of an article from the title pointer list, you have to look it up in the URL pointer list.

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
<1st Title> integer 0 4 Pointer to the URL pointer of <1st Title>
<2nd Title> integer 4 4 Pointer to the URL pointer of <2nd Title>
<nth Title> integer (n-1)*4 4 Pointer to the URL pointer of <nth Title>
... integer ... 4 ...

The indirection from titles via URLs to directory entries has two reasons:

  • the pointer list is only half in size as 4 bytes are enough for each entry
  • accessing directory entries by title also makes use of cached directory entries which are referenced by the URL pointers, as implemented in zimlib.

Directory Entries

Directory entries hold the meta information about all articles, images and other objects in a ZIM file.

There are two types of directory entries: article entries and redirect entries. If the first two bytes are 0xffff the directory entry is a redirect.

Article Entry

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
mimetype integer 0 2 MIME type number as defined in the MIME type list
parameter len byte 2 1 (not used) length of extra paramters
namespace char 3 1 defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs
revision integer 4 4 (optional) identifies a revision of the contents of this directory entry, needed to identify updates or revisions in the original history
cluster number integer 8 4 cluster number in which the data of this directory entry is stored
blob number integer 12 4 blob number inside the compressed cluster where the contents are stored
url string 16 zero terminated string with the URL as refered in the URL pointer list
title string n/a zero terminated string with an title as refered in the Title pointer list or empty; in case it is empty, the URL is used as title
parameter data see parameter len (not used) extra parameters

Redirect Entry

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
mimetype integer 0 2 0xffff for redirect
parameter len byte 2 1 (not used) length of extra paramters
namespace char 3 1 defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs
revision integer 4 4 (optional) identifies a revision of the contents of this directory entry, needed to identify updates or revisions in the original history
redirect index integer 8 4 pointer to the directory entry of the redirect target
url string 16 zero terminated string with the URL as refered in the URL pointer list
title string n/a zero terminated string with an title as refered in the Title pointer list or empty; in case it is empty, the URL is used as title
parameter data see parameter len (not used) extra parameters

Cluster Pointer List (clusterPtrPos)

The cluster pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets which point to all data clusters in a ZIM file.

Field Name Type Offset Length Description
<1st Cluster> integer 0 8 Pointer to the <1st Cluster>
<1st Cluster> integer 8 8 Pointer to the <2nd Cluster>
<nth Cluster> integer (n-1)*8 8 Pointer to the <nth Cluster>
... integer ... 8 ...

Clusters

The clusters contain the actual article data. This file section contain a list of clusters, which contain a list of blobs each. The blob is the data of one specific article. So this blob is adressed by the cluster number and the blob number in this cluster. The cluster number is used to look up the file offset in the cluster pointer list.

The cluster has a starting byte, which indicated, which compresion is used. After this byte, all other data is compressed. Possible values are:

  • 0 default (no compression)
  • 1 none also no compression (inherited from zeno)
  • 2 zlib
  • 3 bzip2
  • 4 lzma2 (default compression format)

Support for zlib and bzip2 is deprecated. By default it is not compiled into the library any more. Only lzma2 is used. The zimlib uses xz-utils as a C++ implementation of lzma2, for Java see LZMA2-java.

The data area has a list of 4 byte offsets to the blobs counting from the first offset. The offset addresses uncompressed data. The last pointer points to the end of the data area. So there is always one more offset than blobs. Since the first offset points to the start of the first data, the number of offsets can be determined by dividing this offset by 4. The size of one blob is calculated by the difference of two consecutive offsets.

Namespaces

Namespaces seperate different types of data stored in the ZIM File Format.

They can be distinguished by prepending the article namespace before the article name in the URL path, eg. http://localhost/A/Articlename.

Namespace Description
- layout, eg. the LayoutPage, CSS, JavaScript and images not related to the articles
A articles - see Article Format
B article meta data - see Article Format
I images, files - see Image Handling
J images, text - see Image Handling
M ZIM metadata - see Metadata
U categories, text - see Category Handling
V categories, article list - see Category Handling
W categories per article, category list - see Category Handling
X fulltext index - see ZIM Index Format

URLs

ZIM contents are addressed using URLs: /<namespace>/<article_url>.

The references in Article Text (<a href=""></a>, <img src=""> etc.) are URL-encoded (RFC 1738).

The URLs in the UrlPointerlist are not encoded. Some readers process the requests that already do the decoding internally whereas most readers will handle the URLs directly. In this case you have to do the decoding before you pass the parameter to zimlib, but zimlib already provides a method to do so.