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(→Clusters: Clarification around the cluster compression types) |
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Beginning 2021, we change the way we handle namespaces in ZIM file format. | |||
This is major change in the way we handle entries in libzim and the semantics around but it is not a break in the binary zim format. Old library/readers are compatible with new zim files. | |||
This page describe the new format. The old format can be found here : [[ZIM file format old namespace]].[[Image:Schema File Format.png|500px|right]] | |||
== Header == | == Header == | ||
A ZIM | A ZIM archive starts with a header : | ||
{| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | |||
! Field Name !! Type !! Offset !! Length !! Description | |||
{|{{Prettytable}} | |- | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | | magicNumber || integer || 0 || 4 || Magic number to recognise the file format, must be 72173914 (0x44D495A) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |majorVersion | ||
|integer | |||
|4 | |||
|2 | |||
|Major version of the ZIM archive format (6) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | minorVersion || integer || 6 || 2 || Minor version of the ZIM archive format (1 for new namespace usage, 0 for old namespace usage) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| uuid || integer || 8 || 16 || unique id of this zim | | uuid || integer || 8 || 16 || unique id of this zim archive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | entryCount || integer || 24 || 4 || total number of entries | ||
|- | |- | ||
| clusterCount || integer || 28 || 4 || total number of clusters | | clusterCount || integer || 28 || 4 || total number of clusters | ||
|- | |- | ||
| urlPtrPos || integer || 32 || 8 || position of the directory pointerlist | | urlPtrPos || integer || 32 || 8 || position of the directory pointerlist ordered by URL | ||
|- | |- | ||
| titlePtrPos || integer || 40 || 8 || position of the directory pointerlist ordered by Title | | titlePtrPos || integer || 40 || 8 || position of the directory pointerlist ordered by Title | ||
This is considered as obsolete, readers should use <code>[[Search indexes#Title index v0|X/listing/titleordered/v0]]</code> instead and fallback to <code>titlePtrPos</code> if entry is not present. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| clusterPtrPos || integer || 48 || 8 || position of the cluster pointer list | | clusterPtrPos || integer || 48 || 8 || position of the cluster pointer list | ||
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| mainPage || integer || 64 || 4 || main page or 0xffffffff if no main page | | mainPage || integer || 64 || 4 || main page or 0xffffffff if no main page | ||
|- | |- | ||
| layoutPage || integer || 68 || 4 || [[Layout Page|layout page]] or 0xffffffffff if no layout page | | layoutPage || integer || 68 || 4 || [[Layout Page|layout page]] or 0xffffffffff if no layout page (deprecated, always 0xffffffffff) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| checksumPos || integer || 72 || 8 || pointer to the md5checksum of this | | checksumPos || integer || 72 || 8 || pointer to the md5checksum of this archive without the checksum itself. This points always 16 bytes before the end of the archive. | ||
|} | |} | ||
Major version is updated when an incompatible change is integrated in the format (a lib made for a version N will probably not be able to read a version N+1) | |||
Minor version is updated when an compatible change is integrated (a lib made for a minor version n will be able to read a version n+1) | |||
The current major version is 6. You may found old zim archives with major version 5. They are the same than 6 less extended cluster, so you can read a 5 major version as if it was a 6. | |||
The minor version can be : | |||
* 0 : We use the old namespace usage (see [[ZIM file format old namespace]]) | |||
* 1 : We use the new namespace usage (describe here). | |||
A zim archive may be embedded in another file at a specific offset. In the context of zim format, the start of the zim header is the offset 0. Readers allowing to read an embedded archive must adapt offset accordingly. | |||
== MIME Type List (mimeListPos) == | == MIME Type List (mimeListPos) == | ||
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The MIME types in this list are zero terminated strings. An empty string marks the end of the MIME type list. | The MIME types in this list are zero terminated strings. An empty string marks the end of the MIME type list. | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | {| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
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The URL pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets to the directory entries. | The URL pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets to the directory entries. | ||
The directory entries are always ordered by URL. Ordering is simply done by comparing the URL strings. | The directory entries are always ordered by "full" URL (<code><namespace><path></code>). Ordering is simply done by comparing the URL strings. | ||
Since directory entries have variable sizes this is needed for random access. | Since directory entries have variable sizes this is needed for random access. | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | {| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
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== Title Pointer List (titlePtrPos) == | == Title Pointer List (titlePtrPos) == | ||
The title pointer list is a list of | The title pointer list is a list of entry indices ordered by title (<code><namespace><title></code>). The title pointer list actually points to entries in the URL pointer list. | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | Note that the title pointers are only 4 bytes. They are not offsets in the file but entry numbers. | ||
To get the offset of an entry from the title pointer list, you have to look it up in the URL pointer list. | |||
{| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | |||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
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== Directory Entries == | == Directory Entries == | ||
Directory entries hold the meta information about all | Directory entries hold the meta information about all entries, images and other objects in a ZIM archive. | ||
There are | There are different types of directory entries: | ||
=== | === Content Entry === | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | {| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mimetype || integer || 0 || 2 || MIME type number as defined in the MIME type list | | mimetype || integer || 0 || 2 || MIME type number as defined in the MIME type list | ||
|- | |- | ||
| parameter len || byte || 2 || 1 || (not used) length of extra paramters | | parameter len || byte || 2 || 1 || (not used) length of extra paramters (must be 0) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| namespace || char || 3 || 1 || defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs | | namespace || char || 3 || 1 || defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs | ||
|- | |- | ||
| revision || integer || 4 || 4 || ( | | revision || integer || 4 || 4 || (not used) identifies a revision of the contents of this directory entry, needed to identify updates or revisions in the original history (must be 0) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cluster number || integer || 8 || 4 || cluster number in which the data of this directory entry is stored | | cluster number || integer || 8 || 4 || cluster number in which the data of this directory entry is stored | ||
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=== Redirect Entry === | === Redirect Entry === | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | {| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| namespace || char || 3 || 1 || defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs | | namespace || char || 3 || 1 || defines to which namespace this directory entry belongs | ||
|- | |- | ||
| revision || integer || 4 || 4 || ( | | revision || integer || 4 || 4 || (not used) identifies a revision of the contents of this directory entry, needed to identify updates or revisions in the original history (must be 0) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| redirect index || integer || 8 || 4 || pointer to the directory entry of the redirect target | | redirect index || integer || 8 || 4 || pointer to the directory entry of the redirect target | ||
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| parameter || data || ||see parameter len|| (not used) extra parameters | | parameter || data || ||see parameter len|| (not used) extra parameters | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Linktarget or deleted Entry (DEPRECATED) === | |||
There is two kinds of deprecated entry that could be found in pretty old zim files (I, main develloper of libzim, never saw it). | |||
They have mimetype equal to 0xfffe or 0xfffd. Reader implementation may check for those value and ignore the whole dirent. | |||
== Cluster Pointer List (clusterPtrPos) == | == Cluster Pointer List (clusterPtrPos) == | ||
The cluster pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets which point to all data clusters in a ZIM | The cluster pointer list is a list of 8 byte offsets which point to all data clusters in a ZIM archive. | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | {| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
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The clusters contain the actual data of the directory entries. Clusters can be compressed or uncompressed. The purpose of the clusters are that data of more than one directory entry can be compressed inside one cluster, making the compression much more efficient. Typically clusters have a size of about 1 MB. | The clusters contain the actual data of the directory entries. Clusters can be compressed or uncompressed. The purpose of the clusters are that data of more than one directory entry can be compressed inside one cluster, making the compression much more efficient. Typically clusters have a size of about 1 MB. | ||
The first byte of the cluster identifies | The first byte of the cluster identifies some information about the cluster. | ||
The first fourth low bits identifies if the cluster compression type: | |||
* No compression is indicated by a value of 1 | |||
* Compressed clusters are indicated by a value of 4 ([[LZMA2 compression]] (or more precisely XZ, since there is a XZ header)) or 5 (Zstandard compression). | |||
* There have been other compression algorithms used before which have been removed: 2 for zlib and 3 for bzip2. | |||
* 0 is an obselete code for no compression (inhereted from the Zeno) | |||
The fifth bit identifies the cluster is extended or not : | |||
* By default (5th bit == 0) the cluster is not extended. It means that the offsets are stored in a 4 bytes length integer. Thus contents stored in the cluster cannot exceed 4Go. | |||
* If the cluster is extended (5th bit == 1), the offsets are stored in 8 bytes length integer. Thus contents stored in the cluster can exceed 4Go. | |||
A cluster can be extended only if the zim major version is 6. Else (major version == 5) cluster will always be not extended. | |||
The zimlib uses [http://tukaani.org/xz/ xz-utils] as a C++ implementation of lzma2, for Java see [http://tukaani.org/xz/java.html XZ-Java]. | |||
To find the data of a specific directory entry within a cluster the uncompressed cluster has a list of pointers to blobs within the uncompressed cluster after the first byte. | To find the data of a specific directory entry within a cluster the uncompressed cluster has a list of pointers to blobs within the uncompressed cluster after the first byte. | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} | {| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | ||
! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ! Field Name !! Type !!Offset!!Length!! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cluster information || integer || 0 || 1 || Fourth low bits : 1: no compression, 4: LZMA2 compressed, 5: zstd compressed | ||
Firth bits : 0: normal (OFFSET_SIZE=4) 1: extended (OFFSET_SIZE=8) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=5| The following data bytes have to be uncompressed! | | colspan="5" | The following data bytes have to be uncompressed! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <1st Blob> || integer || 1 || | | <1st Blob> || integer || 1 || OFFSET_SIZE || offset to the <1st Blob> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <2nd Blob> || integer || | | <2nd Blob> || integer || 1+OFFSET_SIZE || OFFSET_SIZE || offset to the <2nd Blob> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <nth Blob> || integer ||(n-1)* | | <nth Blob> || integer ||(n-1)*OFFSET_SIZE+1|| OFFSET_SIZE || offset to the <nth Blob> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || integer || ... || | | ... || integer || ... || OFFSET_SIZE || ... | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <last blob / end> || integer || n/a || | | <last blob / end> || integer || n/a || OFFSET_SIZE || offset to the end of the cluster | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <1st Blob> || data || n/a || n/a || data of the <1st Blob> | | <1st Blob> || data || n/a || n/a || data of the <1st Blob> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The offset addresses uncompressed data. The last pointer points to the end of the data area. So there is always one more offset than blobs. Since the first offset points to the start of the first data, the number of offsets can be determined by dividing this offset by | The offset addresses uncompressed data. The last pointer points to the end of the data area. So there is always one more offset than blobs. Since the first offset points to the start of the first data, the number of offsets can be determined by dividing this offset by OFFSET_SIZE. The size of one blob is calculated by the difference of two consecutive offsets. | ||
== Namespaces == | == Namespaces == | ||
Namespaces | Namespaces separate different types of directory entries - which might have the same title or url - stored in the ZIM archive Format. | ||
The new namespace usage put a strong semantics on the namespaces. The libzim uses this semantics and provide different kind of API to access the different kind of entries. | |||
The libzim hide the namespace to the user, so a entry `foo.html` in namespace `C` will be accessible as `foo.html`. libzim provides specific API to access metadata. | |||
{|{{Prettytable}} | Other implementation are free to explicit the namespace or not (but need to provide some fallback for all namespace usage) | ||
{| class="sortable" style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-color:#888888; background-color:#eeeeee; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{Prettytable}} | |||
! Namespace !! Description | ! Namespace !! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | C || User content entries - see [[Article Format]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| M || ZIM metadata - see [[Metadata]] | | M || ZIM metadata - see [[Metadata]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| W || Well know entries (MainPage, Favicon) - see [[Well known entries]] | |||
| W || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| X || | | X || search indexes - see [[Search indexes]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
== URLs == | == URLs == | ||
=== URL Encoding === | |||
The URLs in the UrlPointerlist are utf-8 and are not url encoded (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt) | |||
Some readers process the requests that already do the url decoding internally whereas most readers will handle the URLs directly. In this case you have to do the decoding before you pass the parameter to libzim. | |||
=== Local Anchors === | === Local Anchors === | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
<a href=" | <a href="foo#headline1">jump to article foo, headline 1</a> | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
The browser handles these local anchors by itself. It will determine if another article has to be loaded (local anchor inside another article than the currently shown) and will send a request only with the article URL without the local anchor - in our example " | The browser handles these local anchors by itself. It will determine if another article has to be loaded (local anchor inside another article than the currently shown) and will send a request only with the article URL without the local anchor - in our example "foo". After the article has been loaded the browser will then search for the local anchor tag and jump to the right location. | ||
If you use a common rendering engine or HTML widget you don't have to care for this cases, you can just use the requests as they are submitted by the engine / widget. | If you use a common rendering engine or HTML widget you don't have to care for this cases, you can just use the requests as they are submitted by the engine / widget. | ||
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== Encodings == | == Encodings == | ||
=== Character Encoding === | === Character Encoding === | ||
The standard encoding for ZIM | The standard encoding for ZIM archive content is UTF-8. So both article data and URLs should be handled accordingly. | ||
=== Integer Encoding === | |||
All types are little-endian. | |||
All integers are unsigned integers (uint_16, uint_32, uint_64). | |||
All lengths are bytes. | |||
== Split ZIM files == | |||
ZIM archives can be split in multiple files. This is necessary to be able to store big (over 4GB for example) ZIM archives to limited file systems (like FAT32). That said, the files can be of any size, but the naming is really important. The ZIM files should be named like following (the file name extensions matter): ''foobar.zimaa, foobar.zimab, foobar.zimac''... | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Zeno file format]] (deprecated) | |||
* [[ZIM File Format/4]] (deprecated) | |||
* [[ZIM File Example]] |